Mwedzi uno tinocherechedza makore makumi matatu nematatu ekushandiswa kwezvombo zvemuchetura kuguta revechiKurdish veku Iraq reHalabja.
Kurwiswa uku kwaive chimwe chehurongwa hwaSaddam Hussein hwe al-Anfal, uhwo hwakatamisa pamwe nekuuraya muhuwandu vanhu vekumaodzanyemba kwe Iraq.Kutanga muna 1986 kusvika muna 1989, maguta nemisha yevechi Kurdish yakaparadzwa, zviuru nezviuru zvema Kurd zvakatsakatika kana kuurayiwa, uye Saddam akamanikidza mazana ezviuru ema Kurd kubva pamisha yavo.Hurongwa uhwu hwakavhiringidzawo mamwe marudzi nemakereke madiki emunharaunda, kusanganisira verudzi rweAssyrian, Shabak, Iraqi Turkmen, Yazidi, neve Mandean.
Pakati paKurume 1988, mauto ehurumende ye Iraq akapedza mazuva maviri achirwisa guta re Halabja nezvombo zvema rocket nemuchetura we napalm. Izvi zvakaparadza magonhi pamwe nemafafitera ezvivakwa zvakanga zvichakamira uye kuburitsa muguta iri vagari vanosvika zviuru makumi mashanu vachinohwanda mumwena.
Muhusiku hwepiri hwekurwiswa uku, Kurume 16, kurwiswa uku kwakamira. Zvikopokopo nendege dzehondo zve Iraq zvakatanga kumwaya guta iri nemuchetura, kusanganisira mweya wegasi une mustard, pamwe nemichetura inoparadza tsinga ye sarin, tabun, ne VX. Sezvo muchetura uyu wakanga uchirema kudarika mhepo, wakadzika pasi uchipinda muvhu, uchipindawo mudzimba nepamagonhi nemafafitera zvakapwanyika, kusvika paive pakaungana vanhu nekutya, vakamirira kuti kurwiswa uku kumire.
Aka kaive kekutanga munhoroondo yemazuva ano kuti hurumende inorwisa vanhu vayo nezvombo zvemuchetura.
Vanhuwo zvavo, vanosvika zviuru zvishanu, vakafa nekuda kwezvombo zvemuchetura wakadonhedzerwa pa Halabja. Vamwe vanosvika zviuru gumi vakaita mapofu, kana kukuwadzwa. Mumakore akatevera, zviuru zvevamwe zvakafa kuburikidza nekukanganisika kwehutano nezvirwere zvaiparadza.
Varume vaviri vaive nechekuita nemhosva iyi vakazopedzisira varipira zviito zvavo. Saddam Hussein, uyo akatuma kuti vanhu varwiswe pasi pechirongwa che Anfal, akawanikwa aine mhosva dzekuuraya vanhu akatongerwa mutongo werufu achisungirirwa. Hama yake, Ali Hassan Abd al-Majid, uyo aizivikanwa nerekuti Chemical Ali, anove ndiye akatungamira chirongwa che Anfal akave ndiye akaona nezvekurwiswa kwe Halabja, akawanikwa aine mhosva yekuponda vanhu verudzi rwema Kurd emu Iraq akatongerwa rufu.
Apo zvakaitika kune vese vakakonzeresa chiitiko che al-Anfal nekuuraya zviuru zvevanhu vasina mhosva mu Halabja zvichifanirwa kushanda seyambiro kune vamwe kuti vasateedzera tsoka dzavo dzehumhondi, zviri pachena kubva mukushandiswa kwemuchetura wegasi re Sarin ne Syria kuti pasi rose rinofanirwa kuramba rakangwarira kuzviitiko zvehumhondi nekushandiswa kwezvombo zvinoparadza ruzhinji.
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Editorial Remembering Chemical Attack on Halabya, Iraq